Galaxy/The codex of Salmacis

In Greek mythology, Salmacis (Ancient Greek Σαλμακίς) was a naiad of a spring near Halicarnassus in Caria. Unlike her sisters she rejected Artemis' hunt for vanity and leisure; Ovid's Metamorphoses makes her the nymph who forcibly embraces Hermaphroditus until the gods fuse their bodies. The same spring was said to soften men who bathed there.

Adapted from Wikipedia, "Salmacis" · CC BY-SA 4.0

I.Ovid's metamorphosis

Ovid (Metamorphoses 4) presents Salmacis as the only naiad unfit for Diana's band: she bathes, tends her hair, and refuses the chase. When Hermaphroditus, child of Hermes and Aphrodite, swims in her pool, she confesses her love; he rejects her and she withdraws, then returns and seizes him as he emerges.

She prays that they never be parted; the gods answer by merging their bodies into one androgynous form. Hermaphroditus then curses the fountain so that every man who bathes there will likewise be softened — a prayer his parents grant.

II.Other versions

A Halicarnassus inscription has Aphrodite name Salmacis as the nymph who nursed infant Hermaphroditus — a caregiver rather than Ovid's aggressor. Lucian implies Hermaphroditus was born androgynous because of Hermes, not transformed later against his will.

The atlas id salmacis-nymph is this Carian naiad. Homonyms of Hermaphroditus' parents and of other pool-nymphs are separate nodes.

III.Art and reception

A Pompeian fresco in the House of Venus in the Shell shows Eros between Hermaphroditus and Salmacis before their union. Later sculpture and painting — Bosio's Louvre nymph, Brock's Bather Surprised, Navez's Nymph Salmacis and Hermaphroditus — and poems by Beaumont and Swinburne keep the pool episode in European art.

AT A GLANCE

Greek nameSalmacis (Σαλμακίς)
Roman nameSalmacis
Typenymph
Domainsthe infamous fountain · naiad of Caria · union with Hermaphroditus · enervating waters
Cult centersSpring of Salmacis (Halicarnassus / Bodrum)
EtymologySalmacis (Σαλμακίς) is also the name of the Carian fountain itself, at modern Bodrum in Turkey. Classical authors linked the waters' reputation for making men soft and effeminate to the fusion myth.
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