In Greek mythology, Chryseis is a Trojan woman in Homer's Iliad, daughter of Chryses, priest of Apollo at Chryse. Her apparent Homeric name means simply "Chryses' daughter"; later writers call her Astynome. Taken as Agamemnon's prize, she is the captive whose ransom he refuses — until Apollo's plague forces her return and Agamemnon seizes Briseis from Achilles in compensation, opening the poem's central quarrel.
Adapted from Wikipedia, "Chryseis" · CC BY-SA 4.0
I.Capture and the plague
Accounts differ on how she fell into Achaean hands: sent by her father for protection, taken at a festival of Artemis in Hypoplacian Thebe or Lyrnessus, or — in Dictys — associated with Eëtion's city. Tzetzes has Palamedes abduct both Chryseis and Briseis. In Iliad Book 1 she is allotted to Agamemnon, who prefers her as bedmate to his wife Clytemnestra for her form, grace, and skill.
Chryses came to the ships with Apollo's wreaths and rich ransom. The army shouted to accept it; Agamemnon refused, insulted the priest, and drove him off. Chryses prayed; Apollo sent a plague. Calchas named the cause, and Agamemnon was forced to send Odysseus with Chryseis back to her father at Chryse — then seized Briseis from Achilles to replace his loss.
II.Later legends
A post-Homeric strand (Dictys; Hyginus) has Chryses later return his daughter to Agamemnon in gratitude, and Hyginus says she bore Agamemnon a son also named Chryses — or declared the boy Apollo's when she returned home. In one sequel, when Orestes and Iphigenia take refuge on Sminthos, Chryseis nearly betrays them to Thoas until her son recognises his half-siblings and helps kill the Taurian king.
In medieval literature the name feeds into the Troilus and Cressida tradition (often conflated with Briseis/Briseida). As "the golden one" she also titles the Baroque alchemical epic Chryseidos Libri IIII (1631). This notice concerns Chryses' daughter of the Iliad, not other golden epithets.